Multiple environmental exposures in pregnant women and their babies in the city of Rio de Janeiro – a birth cohort study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – PIPA Project.

[vc_row mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_sticky_column=”false” parallax_scroll=”no” mobile_reset_margin=”no” tablet_reset_margin=”no”][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]Exposure to multiple pollutants such as pesticides, solvents, fuels, plasticizers, and cleaning materials is found in household products, food, water, and air. During pregnancy, this exposure can impact fetal development and infant health. 

The Childhood and Environmental Pollutants Project (PIPA), conducted at the Maternity School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (ME/UFRJ), is the first prospective birth cohort study in Brazil and focuses on investigating the effects of exposure to environmental pollutants on maternal and child health and on the post-birth development of children. 

This article describes the socioeconomic profile and exposure to pollutants of the population in the PIPA pilot study, which was conducted from September 2017 to August 2018, involving 139 pregnant women and a total of 135 births. 

Biological samples were collected from the mother and baby: maternal blood and urine between the 32nd and 38th weeks of gestation, umbilical cord blood from the newborn, and urine from the baby during the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of life. Health and sociodemographic information was obtained through questionnaires. 

Approximately 75% of the study population reported having a per capita income of less than US$200, 19% received government financial assistance, and 21% were single mothers. At least 20% lived in low-income communities. The metals arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury were found above detection limits in 100% of samples from mothers and infants, while 48% and 23.5%, respectively, showed detectable levels of pyrethroid metabolites. Perfuroalkyl acids were detected in approximately 80% of maternal blood and urine samples and 70% of umbilical cord blood samples. At least one organochlorine compound was detected in approximately 30% of samples from the newborn and mother. 

Pregnant women from impoverished communities in Rio de Janeiro and their children are exposed to various pollutants that are harmful to their health. The study's findings suggest the need to focus on investigating the potential adverse health effects caused by this exposure.

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